Lyabi-Khauz
Architectual ensemble Lyabi-Khauz is formed with three large monumental buildings: Kukeldash Madrasah in the north, khanaka and Nodir Divan-begi in the west and in the east. From the south the square was closed with Trade Street. The center of old Bukhara large ensemble became a reservoir.
The khauz rectangular (36 – 46 meters height), stretched from the east to the west, is buried in shadow of venerable chinaras. Its shores are formed with stair launch to the water, made from massive blocks of yellow limestone. In old times there was «tea bazar», there sold sweets, dainties, bread and made food.
Lyabi-Hauz complex is associated with a romantic legend. Nadir Divan-Begi, the minister of the Bukhara Emir had decided to get married. He gave his bride only earings as a wedding present which obviously offended her. She was fully aware that her husband was born into a wealthy family and could easily afford a more generous present. But the groom kept silent without saying anything.
In few years time he had built a mosque, madrasah and a number of other constructions. His wife became indignant and told him that it was unfair to spend such huge amounts of money on the construction whilst giving her such a modest wedding present - she obviously hadn't forgotten her wedding slight. Her husband responded: "My dear, look in your jewelry box". When she opened the box she could see only one earring, and thought that she was robbed, when Nadir Divan-Begi explained to her that all the constructions he had built was constructed with the price of this one earring, haven't realized the value of my present, please enjoy something that was built thanks to this earring", he said to his wife. Her face must have been a picture then.
In the tea-houses of the Lyab-i-Khauz, where the lanes opened on a pool ringed with medresehs - religious schools - an immemorial conclave of old men lolled on wooden divans as if nothing had ever changed. Their heads were knotted in pale blue turbans or piled with sheepskin hats. Beards dribbled from their chins like fine wire. They sat at ease cross-legged, or dangled a hedonistic limb over the divan's edge, while the proprietors shuffled amiably between them, pouring out green tea from cracked pots. A gentle euphoria was in the air. Nothing sounded but the clink of china and a genial murmur of conspiracy. A breeze blew ripples over the water. Around them the religious schools looped in high gateways and blind arcades, in whose spandrels flew faience phoenixes. Here and there a facade cast a band of Koranic script into the sky, and under nearby plane trees a statue of Khodja Nasreddin, the wise fool of Sufi legend, rode his mad-faced mule.
Architectual ensemble Lyabi-Khauz is formed with three large monumental buildings: Kukeldash Madrasah in the north, khanaka and Nodir Divan-begi in the west and in the east. From the south the square was closed with Trade Street. The center of old Bukhara large ensemble became a reservoir.
The name «Lyabi-Khauz» means «at reservoir». According to the old legend, for a long time knan gardener Nadir Divan-begi could not buy a lot for planned building, where a house of alone woman was. Then all-powerful vizier ordered to built a channel under women's house, and the water began to washaway walls, unhappy women had to sell this lot. The khan hauz secretly was called «khauz of violence», what in arabian inscription gives numerical meaning of building date - 1620.
The khauz rectangular (36 – 46 meters height), stretched from the east to the west, is buried in shadow of venerable chinaras. Its shores are formed with stair launch to the water, made from massive blocks of yellow limestone. In old times there was «tea bazar», there sold sweets, dainties, bread and made food.
Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum
This monument refers to 1380 and devoted legendary prophet Ayub. It is a religious building includes a mausoleum and a sacred spring. Currently, it houses the Museum of the holy water.
This unique sightseeing of Bukhara enclosed in a rectangle walls, over which looms a dome with different silhouettes. The interiors are spectacular ganch lampshades with growing rows of stalactites, creating a transition of stalactite domes.
It is located on the way out of the Ismail Samani park. It was repeatedly rebuilt during the fourteenth and took the form of an elongated prism topped domes over the premises of various sizes and shapes. Sharp, memorable silhouette gives it raised on a cylindrical drum with a conical double dome marking a main room with a well - source.
The monument is a rectangular building complex consisting of 4 rooms, a suite arranged from west to east. Premises built at different times. The oldest of them is blocked high conical dome. The construction of this part, according to legend, is credited with Arslan Khan, in which was erected the Kalyan Minaret.
Inside mazar still remained a source of cold water. Folk legend connects the building with the name of the biblical holy Job. The legend tells that in those days, when there was the city of Bukhara, Prophet Job came to these places. The year was dry, and the inhabitants died of thirst. They appealed to the «saint» for help. Job struck his staff on the ground, and out of the scoring key appeared cold water. Hence the name of the monument is Chashma - Ayub, which means "the source of Job."
In reality, the source appears to be healing, and they existed long enjoyed the local population. He called «weak source», as the word "Ayub" can be interpreted as a derivative of the word «mayub» which means to Tajik - weak. This kind of facts is known from the history of the ancient world (Greece, Rome). The monument stands in deep beams with recent large spring flowed. This spring is associated with a well mazar.
Kalyan Minaret
We know very little about the thirteenth century Djuma Mosque in Bukhara, for it has been rebuilt completely since the time of its original construction. In any case, it had a vast courtyard surrounded by galleries. However, the minaret which was built in 1127 A.D. and called the Kalyan (Great) Minaret, has survived. It still dominates the skyline of Bukhara, astonishing all who see it with its magnificent and flawless shape. The minaret was designated to summon Muslims to prayer five times a day. Normally, each mosque had its own minaret, but the main minaret was situated near the Djuma Mosque. It was from the gallery, at the top of the minaret, that the muedzin summoned the believers to prayer at the top of his voice.
The Kalyan Minaret was built twice. The fact is it collapsed just before it was completed the first time, probably because of the builders did not take into account the soft ground underneath, due to the many cultural layers beneath the city. A new, more durable foundation was laid for the minaret and, by 1127, construction of this second minaret was completed. According to someone writing at the time, «there was nothing like this minaret, for it was built very beautifully». Indeed, the forty-eight m tall Kalyan Minaret is a flawless example of both civil engineering and superior architectural creation. The baked bricks it is made from form a monolithic circular tower that narrows from its thick base to its top.
The body of the minaret is topped by a rotunda with 16 arched fenestrations, from which the muedzins gave the call to prayer. In times of siege or war, warriors used the minaret as a watchtower. Earlier, the minaret apparently had another round section above the rotunda, but now only the cone-shaped top is left. The baked bricks, from which the minaret is made, are the main feature of its architectural design. The body of minaret is belted with narrow ornamental strings made of bricks. They are arranged in a chessboard order, either straight or diagonally. A frieze with inscriptions goes around the minaret upon a muqarnas (stalactite) cornice. The frieze is covered with blue glaze, which was used widely in the architectural decor of Bukhara at that time.
Bukhara - Ismail Samani Mausoleum
It is a cubic building, covered with a hemispherical dome. To give lightness to the heavy dome, four small cupolas are arranged in the corners. Thick walls (up to 1.8 m) protected the monument from destruction for a whole millennium.
The mausoleum has no facade, that is, its sides are the same. This type of structure is called centric composition. On the top of the mausoleum passes through the gallery, which has forty window openings. It gives some lightness to the monument and unloads its dome even more.
The mausoleum is made of square burnt tiled bricks. Its walls are flat, with arched entrances. On each side there is one entrance. All entrances are framed by square frames, in which iron bars are embedded. The eastern side, which has a wooden board with a date and an inscription, is conventionally considered the main entrance.
The walls of the mausoleum on the outside and inside are composed of figured patterned masonry of burnt bricks. This laying as if replaced the color irrigation which was absent at that time. Wizards through the combined masonry, that is, placing brick tiles in different ways, managed to achieve a great artistic effect. The flat walls of the mausoleum are covered with a peculiar ornament that revives them, giving them softness and lightness; the walls seemed to have moved apart, became transparent. Throughout the day, with different directions of sunlight, the wall ornament changes its original pattern. It is most effective in moonlight. This way of decorating does not know any monument of world architecture. Some scholars believe that such ornamentation is a reflection of woodcarving - art, widespread in the countries of the East.
Written sources and folk legends ascribe this monument to Ismail Samani, who erected it during his life on the grave of his father. Subsequently, he himself was buried in it. it is assumed that the monument was built between 892 and 907 years. Archaeological excavations carried out in 1927, revealed two wooden coffins under the floor.
The mausoleum of Ismail Samani in style and design reflects the spirit of its era. Until 1920, it was in a neglected state and was used by local Muslim clergy. The graves of rich people covered him at one third the height. The dome was damaged. On the north side there was an adjoined wooden mosque. The clergy suggested that Ismail was alive and helping Muslims. In the mausoleum sagane two holes were made (in the head and foot parts). Notes with questions and requests were inserted into one hole, and “answers” fabricated by mullahs were taken out from the other.
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